Will the audience listen to me? from the free trade provided by the Trans-Pacific Partnership? A second major volume, "Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies" became available in early 2007. c. The situation, people, and non-verbal elements are more important than the actual words that are communicated. Answer: Germany This distinction is often characterized as that between high culture, namely that of the ruling social group, and low culture. (d) Canada Immanuel Kant (17241804) formulated an individualist definition of "enlightenment" similar to the concept of bildung: "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. High-context cultures promote the development of ingroups. 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In 2016, a new approach to culture was suggested by Rein Raud,[15] who defines culture as the sum of resources available to human beings for making sense of their world and proposes a two-tiered approach, combining the study of texts (all reified meanings in circulation) and cultural practices (all repeatable actions that involve the production, dissemination or transmission of purposes), thus making it possible to re-link anthropological and sociological study of culture with the tradition of textual theory. For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. "[52] The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for example, American cultural-studies advocates wrote about the liberatory aspects of fandom. A further and recent approach is comparative cultural studies, based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies.[51]. High-context cultures are collectivist, value interpersonal relationships, and have members that form stable, close relationships. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? A low-context culture is a culture in which people communicate explicitly. It is similar to other high context cultures in terms of its group orientation and emphasis on social harmony, but has some unique characteristics such as a more individualistic approach to problem solving and a stronger emphasis on hierarchy. Diverse organizations create products demanded by consumers and experience improved employee relationships and increased productivity. This culture or common heritage has nothing to do with a common gene pool, formal education, or laws. Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question. [16], Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. results from a common gene pool. [47] Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as Western civilization or globalism. 3) On the one hand, it has opened up opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing people to learn more about different cultures. Which of the following statements is most accurate? (2011), Lascaux et la conservation en milieu souterrain: actes du symposium international (Paris, 26-27 fv. From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. United States b. Germany c. Norway d. Japan ANSWER: RATIONALE: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture.d. culture? Group of answer choices All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in (b) Impunity is \qquad (d) the inability to break a habit. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of religion. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Future Orientation: The extent to which individuals engage in future-oriented behaviors such as delaying gratification, planning, and investing in the future. Family and community play an important role in shaping the culture of Japan. This strain of thinking has some influence from the Frankfurt School, but especially from the structuralist Marxism of Louis Althusser and others. c.Ethnocentrism causes us to judge others by our own values. (a) Justin Bieber c. Economics questions and answers. Context, which refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event, is probably the most important dimension of culture. [3] Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. The GLOBE Project Overview & Behavior Styles | What is the GLOBE Project? This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. In this sense, multiculturalism values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same planet. The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender. Trompenaars' Cultural Dimensions Model & Examples | 7 Dimensions of Culture, Methods to Increase the Accuracy of Impressions, Cross-Cultural Interactions & Relationships in Agile Organizations, Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance | Culture, Example & Index, Developing an Audience-Centered Presentation, Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation | Hofstede, Culture & Concept, Resistance in Turkey and India Between World Wars. Many businesses have written ethical mission statements, installed hotlines, and appointed compliance officers to ensure strict adherence to standards and legislation. In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.[29]. Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism such as Stuart Hall (19322014) and Raymond Williams (19211988) developed cultural studies. b. Additionally, cultural ideas may transfer from one society to another, through diffusion or acculturation. Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture,[32] in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially. In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (17671835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. (d) Tesla Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is the least accurate statement about culture? Organizations that have a number of standardized procedures, written rules, and clearly delineated structures; Requirement for predictability highlighting the significance of planning; Promotions depending upon age or seniority. These values are reflected in the way people conduct business, as relationships are often valued over transactions. Writing is a skill set used only by managers and corporate executives. "Culture, science and indigenous psychologies: An integrated analysis." Watching television to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends to "fit in" certainly qualifies since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice. It is also used to denote the complex networks of practices and accumulated knowledge and ideas that are transmitted through social interaction and exist in specific human groups, or cultures, using the plural form. Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others. b. c. d. Response Feedback: Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in a. "[27], In practice, culture referred to an elite ideal and was associated with such activities as art, classical music, and haute cuisine. These include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing. These cultures engage in the calculation of profit and loss prior to engagement in a behavior. [26], In the 19th century, humanists such as English poet and essayist Matthew Arnold (18221888) used the word "culture" to refer to an ideal of individual human refinement, of "the best that has been thought and said in the world. [2] Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. Ancient This emerges in the writings of early British cultural-studies scholars and their influences: see the work of (for example) Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall, Paul Willis, and Paul Gilroy. 231 lessons. Primitive Culture. Answer: c. Tolerance The United States b Chinese Korean d Arab e . I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. originally meant the cultivation of the soul or mind, acquires most of its later modern meaning in the writings of the 18th-century German thinkers, who were on various levels developing Rousseau's criticism of "modern liberalism and Enlightenment." Collectivistic: High-context cultures are generally collectivist culturesthey place a higher value on the good of an entire group of people than on any one individual. Answer: a. follow up important messages in writing. The most important cultural dimension is. Roger OKeefe, Camille Pron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. China EXCEPT Instead, you move from project to project, joining a new team and project when your current project is, You prepare notes for a staff meeting to present potential solutions to the lingering problem. The second covers the variables that represent the "social orientation" of societies, i.e., the attitudes and lifestyles of their members. On the other hand, it has posed challenges for preserving a high context culture, as certain aspects of the culture may be lost in the process of global integration. Legal. d. Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? High-context cultures are more likely to be intuitive . Which of the following countries is considered a high-context We will look at how the country's culture . "[27] This concept of culture is also comparable to the German concept of bildung: "culture being a pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Every social organization has its prototype in the family. b. Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. c.is created by a structured educational system. Primitive Organizations like UNESCO attempt to preserve culture and cultural heritage. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Peter must inform his employees that his company will need to let go of employees. Exploring the Life and Legacy of the Ancient Greek Mathematician, Are Fairlife Protein Shakes Healthy? Your email address will not be published. Only managers and business executives need strong communication skills. Japan These communicators represent what kind of culture? Emphasis on personal enjoyment, fun, and pleasure, over duties and social norms. d. encompassing culture. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress Learn more about its definition, characteristics, ingroups, and examples. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Recruiters often rank communication skills as the highest skill set sought by employers. a. Cultural sociologists tend to reject scientific methods, instead hermeneutically focusing on words, artifacts and symbols. (c) Germany a. Yolanda has taught college Psychology and Ethics, and has a doctorate of philosophy in counselor education and supervision. Marion hired you to research why employees are coming late and. Culture combines the visible and invisible. Ethnocentrism occurs in only Western cultures. [57]:19 For example, people who are raised in a culture with an abacus are trained with distinctive reasoning style. d.Developers of social media should use the same design principles for all audiences. c. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. Another individual, a Japanese-American business executive, described the culture as one that values relationships over transactions. This website helped me pass! I feel like its a lifeline. In the United Kingdom, cultural studies focuses largely on the study of popular culture; that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.). Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions. d.Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. High-context cultures are those in which the rules of communication are primarily transmitted through the use of contextual elements (i.e., body language, a person's status, and tone of voice) and are not explicitly stated. Exploring the Benefits of Probiotics in Greek Yogurt, Who Invented the Pythagoras Theorem? (. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. 2) In 2004, its first comprehensive volume on "Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies" was published, based on results from about 17,300 middle managers from 951 organizations in the food processing, financial services, and telecommunications services industries. c. "[7], In 1986, philosopher Edward S. Casey wrote, "The very word culture meant 'place tilled' in Middle English, and the same word goes back to Latin colere, 'to inhabit, care for, till, worship' and cultus, 'A cult, especially a religious one.' "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" You consider several key agenda items to include and why ? b. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. a. Confrontation is accepted as an attribute. In addition, organizations that promote diversity suffer fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action. Do you have knowledge or insights to share? The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx,[42] Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, wherein researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. Ethnocentrism causes us to judge others by our own values. For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field. of intercultural communication. c. Do Metamucil Gummies Work as Well as Powder. Major trends in today's dynamic world of work include increased emphasis on self-directed work groups and virtual teams, heightened global competition, innovative communication technologies, new work environments, and focus on. The concept of material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science comprise the intangible cultural heritage of a society.[5]. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. c. Culture is the basis of self-identity and community. Workers today communicate less than in previous years. The five dimensions of culture include context, individualism, time orientation, power distance, and communication style. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typical behavior for an individual and duty, honor, and loyalty to the social group are counted as virtues or functional responses in the continuum of conflict. basis of their. a.Ethnocentrism occurs in only Western cultures. Select an answer and submit. c. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son, Jackson, Y. Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, p. 203, Kant, Immanuel. UNESCO and its partner organizations such as Blue Shield International coordinate international protection and local implementation. In contrast, low-context cultures rely on explicit verbal communication. comes from an orderly system of government and laws. Chinese social culture avoids direct communication because it can be socially awkward and uncomfortable. These variables include gender egalitarianism, institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, and human orientation. Thus a contrast between "culture" and "civilization" is usually implied in these authors, even when not expressed as such. Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture, past or present. 33. Some other, communication and collaborative technologies being used today include social media, Web and voice conferencing, blogs, wikis, podcasts, and social, Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. In the humanities, one sense of culture as an attribute of the individual has been the degree to which they have cultivated a particular level of sophistication in the arts, sciences, education, or manners. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Which of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which of the following countries would be considered low-context cultures: The degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous . In comparison, the. However, there are some key differences between Japan and the other countries. mass culture). [18], Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produceor inhibitsocial shifts and changes in cultural practices. There are a number of international agreements and national laws relating to the protection of culture and cultural heritage. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. answer choices reflect unfamiliar or unclear words that his audience might not understand. Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. Military Manual." Most Americans communicate with business associates at approximately 1 feet. Which statement about ethnocentrism is most accurate? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is most accurate? Read:Discussion Background and answer all, You work for an auto manufacturer designing brake systems, but you do not have a dedicated team. Tylor, it is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. 'city'). Because members of a low-context culture such as Germany consider words in contracts to be precise, important, and constant, they view contracts differently than will members of high-context cultures like Mexico, Greece, and Japan. Employees in today's workforce must learn to write only e-mails effectively. a. High-context. Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. In the context of cultural studies, a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture. Against this intellectual cowardice, Kant urged: "Sapere Aude" ("Dare to be wise!"). There are strong distinctions made between individuals who are members of the ingroup and those who are not members in high-context cultures. These communicators represent what kind of culture? They criticize the Marxist assumption of a single, dominant meaning, shared by all, for any cultural product. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily its meaning) moves from one culture to another. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Cultural Dimensions and Culture Clusters: GLOBE's major premise (and finding) is that leader effectiveness is contextual, that is, it is embedded in the societal and organizational norms, values, and beliefs of the people being led. China Explanation- High context culture countries are those where most of the people are highly educated and they follow certain norms and rituals and they b. a. [citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded. Countries that fall into this categorization are Japan China France Spain Brazil and more. [64] Culture is important for psychologists to consider when understanding the human mental operation. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams.
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