A. women are the primary producers of subsistence crops. C. Descent groups are permanent, while nuclear families are not. Using Apple's 10-K, answer the following questions (Hint: It may be easier to use the Word or PDF file and use the search . Eliot Dismore Chapple and Carleton Stevens Coon, Anthony F.C. Blood feuds B. Rites of passage and rites of intensification can play an important role in a community by helping to build a sense of unity and purpose. In which kind of society is it most likely that leaders will acquire their positions as a result of their personal backgrounds or abilities, rather than heredity? It exists only in the northwestern coast of North America. Which of the following is one of the main differences between descent groups and nuclear families? Rites of affliction, first described by vary greatly depending on the need. B. B. A postindustrial adaptive strategy, such as commercial agriculture and international mercantilism B. When comparing local forms of world religions--the idea that a local religion can be created by combining and incorporating other religions together, or layering one on top of another is known as? Although the details of these practices differ in various cultural settings, it is possible to categorize them into types based on their goals. E. Substantial bridewealth discourages divorce. 48 terms. D. They use their land intensively and continuously. What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals throughout the year? E. the lack of a clear public-domestic dichotomy contributes to reduced gender inequality. Post the Definition of rite of intensification to Facebook, Share the Definition of rite of intensification on Twitter, More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary, Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes. false. The land, labor, and technology used in production C. The way production is organized in a society D. Technology used to produce consumer goods E. The cultural aspects of an economy, such as changing fashions in the textile and clothing industry. business math. (ideological ritual) Society is a series of positions, each one known as status, as a member of society changes status, they change their social relationship with society. C. A village head is a band leader, while a big man is a tribal leader. D. kinship, descent, and marriage. The law of supply and demand C. Fixed values for products, If rights to land are passed on through descent groups, what type of adaptive strategy is most likely? A. In the stages within a rite of passage (according to Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner), which of the following is included? Why does a big man accumulate wealth? Instead, individuals who practice Buddhism use techniques like meditation to achieve the insight necessary to lead a meaningful life and ultimately, after many lifetimes, to achieve the goal of nirvana, release from suffering. Gender equality is common among agriculturalists. What is the name of the custom in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband? The Foundation of Evolution, Tools and Brains: Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, and Homo erectus, Tracking Genomes: Our Human Story Unfolds, The Emergence and Development of Language, Work, Life, and Value: Economic Anthropology, Plant Cultivation: Horticulture and Agriculture, Authority, Decisions, and Power: Political Anthropology, Colonialism and the Categorization of Political Systems, Centralized Societies: Chiefdomsand States, Resistance, Revolution, and Social Movements, Studying In: Addressing Inequities within Anthropology, Early Global Movements and Cultural Hybridity, Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Anthropology, The Power of Gender: Patriarchy and Matriarchy, Visual Anthropology and Ethnographic Film, News Media, the Public Sphere, andNationalism, Community, Development, and Broadcast Media, Broadcasting Modernity and National Identity, An Anthropological View of Sport throughout Time, Anthropology, Representation, and Performance, Applied and Public Anthropology and Indigenous Peoples, Walking a labyrinth, such as this one in Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, California, is experienced by many people as a meditative or prayerful ritual. In a wedding ceremony in the United States, the white color of the wedding dress is a traditional symbol of purity. A. Today, in many Pentecostal and Evangelical churches, congregations practice the ritual of laying on of hands. The gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological capabilities relative strength, endurance, intelligence, etc. After the ceremony, she is reintroduced to her community as a woman and not a child; she is now considered a young adult. Clan B. Lineage, C. Extended family D. Family of procreation. They can follow the Noble Eightfold Path, rules based on the teachings of Buddha that emphasize the need for discipline, restraint, humility, and kindness in every aspect of life. (credit: Grace Cathedral Labyrinth by Jay Galvin/flickr, CC BY 2.0), An Islamic congregation practices a rite of intensification called, The hajj is a Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, pictured here, which is the birthplace of the prophet Mohammed. Each of the 60,000 bonds was convertible into one share of$1 par common stock. B. live in industrial states. In matrilineal societies A. daughters become lifetime members of their mothers group, but sons belong to their fathers group. What is an ascribed status? What is the primary difference between a village head and a big man? It typically involves the use of draft animals. The theory that people will use scientific technology as far as it will extend and then will resort to magic or religion to alleviate their fears is known as? Identify the FALSE statement about totemism. E. It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers. Even when performing a religious ritual alone, such as walking a labyrinth during meditation, the ritual itself, because it is learned as part of a larger body of religious practices, connects the individual to the larger community. A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is known as a(an). are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Intensive use of land and human labor B. Irrigation and terracing C. Use of draft animals, D. Location in arid areas E. Slash-and-burn techniques. D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies. D. They live in marginal environments. The Venezuelan president expelled the missionaries from the Venezuelan Amazon. It cannot support permanent villages. A situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time, B. C. religious control. A. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with: Rite of intensification. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rite%20of%20intensification. C. Mens hunting activities are more important than womens gathering. E. Incest was not documented in classic ethnographies and has only recently been the focus of research in anthropology. It increases the number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need. Most of the repetitive religious services that are offered through churches, synagogues, and mosques are rites of intensification. E. The less women contribute to the public sphere, the more publicly recognized power they achieve. In his work Ritual (1993), West African writer and ritual scholar Malidoma Som ([1993] 1997, 68) outlines the major stages of most ritual acts: Even when rituals are scripted and parts are carefully read and followed, individual participation and collaboration will subtly change a ritual each time it is enacted or performed. When the participants return to their community, the incorporation phase, they are recognized as men and allowed to learn the secret stories of the community.[42]. C. The distinction between public and domestic spheres of activity is much sharper than it is in most horticultural societies. Which of the following statements about gender differences among tropical and semitropical foragers is true? A. Tribal society B. Feudal state, C. Imagined community D. Chiefdom E. Agrarian, preindustrial state, For most of human history, people lived in societies characterized by what kind of sociopolitical organization? C. generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity. A. C. foraging. The lineage B. A. See more. D. A big mans high status is ascribed, while a village heads high status is achieved. B. In the film El sebou: An Egyptian Birth Ritual, the twin babies are in which stage of this rite of passage (following van Gennep and Turner) before being "winnowed"? a ritual that is required to be performed by a religious authority. Some of the most famous pilgrimages are the hajj, an Islamic pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia; the Christian pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, a site in France where Mary is believed to have appeared; and the Hindu pilgrimage to the River Ganges in India. A. Descent groups are typically not involved with politics, while nuclear families are. E. sexual practices of chimpanzees. E. Women never take part in hunting. Men control the prestige hierarchy. The custom whereby a wife marries the brother of her dead husband C. The type of marriage that follows divorce D. The custom whereby a widower marries the sister of his dead wife E. A situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time. Creative Commons Attribution License The Science of Taxonomy, Its All in the Genes! Like many rituals, land diving has several goals. Class stratification C. Boundary maintenance systems. A. Women are subservient to men in nearly all societies because their subsistence activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men. B. D. Turkey will not be accepted into the European Union if they do not allow polygyny. The first stage of a rite of passage in which the individual withdraws, or is removed from, ordinary society. D. some cultures have replaced it with the levirate. B. [38] A second type of ritual is a rite of intensification, actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis. B. Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation? - reincorporation (or aggregation) stage. A. Gender-based division of labor B. Transhumance C. Highly specialized technology. A. E. The Yanomami are isolated from missionaries and the Venezuelan government, and are self-sufficient. Current investigation has gathered the following data. Which of the following is not typical of state societies? In the final stage of incorporation, individuals return to the community with a new socially recognized status. B. D. Rites of passage only worsen the anxieties caused by other aspects of religion. Latin word for soul; represented the spiritual entity within oneself. Shaman. A sacred journey to a shrine or holy place, pilgrimage is practiced in many religions. Display social structure 4. Because they do not irrigate their fields, agriculturalists are more dependent on seasonal rains. Distinguish between the different types of ritual. D. expand a populations gene pool. D. They formerly relied on the national government for cash payouts but are now self- sufficient. E. Horticultures long-term yield is far greater and more dependable than that of agriculture. E. Polyandry fails to meet Leachs criteria for marriage. Rituals tend to have a common structure even though ritual and ritual performance can be quite variable. During World War II, many islands in the South Pacific were used by the U.S. military as temporary bases. One notable example is a ritual that developed on the island of Tanna in the South Pacific. A. produce food without elaborate technology. According to Rosenberg, which of the following words, other than religion, has been used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are? Behavior that violates the commandments brings both social disapproval from other members of the religious community and potential punishment from God. D. Sexual orientation is genetically predetermined, and culture plays no role in its expression. In an attempt to make sense of these developments, the islands residents developed a variety of theories about the reason for these changes. A. Patrilineality B. Patrilocality C. Warfare. Prepare the journal entry to record the issuance of the bonds. C. Marriages become more stable. One common rite of affliction in the Christian tradition is the laying on of hands. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. A. Chiefdom status systems are based on differential access to resources. B. There are literally hundreds of different methods of divination. Not all rites of passage are religious. A) historically, arbitration has been used to resolve disputes over contractual rights. Why is polygyny a problem in Turkey today? A. E. They are the dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent groups. In many highland Papua New Guinea patrilineal-patrilocal societies. Means of production include A. foraging, horticulture, agriculture, and pastoralism. E. They formerly wanted money for luxuries but now also need money for food. D. a reflection of the workers gratitude for having been hired. D. Polyandry almost always takes the form of a sororate. One effect of the economic and social policies of colonial regimes was. - separation stage. Band and clan B. Lineage and nuclear family C. Extended family and clan. monotheism. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo D. personal charisma. He was associated with the schoolteachers, whom no one trusted. separation stage. Which of the following is found in all human societies? D. Divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states. C. in most societies women tend to be the primary child caregivers. Which of the following statements about leaders in foraging bands is true? D. Sexual orientation is genetically predetermined, and culture plays no role in its expression. 27:15-23; Acts 8:1419) and as an act of healing by Christ (Luke 4:40). C. the status of women declines when they provide most of the food. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? B. A festive event where the sponsors give away gifts and gain prestige in return. E. negative reciprocity. A. Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true? Salat involves praying in the direction of the holy city of Mecca at dawn, noon, midafternoon, sunset, and evening every day, regardless of where the believer is located or even what they are doing. B. genitor. Delivered to your inbox! One well-known example are the ideas expressed in the Ten Commandments, which are incorporated in the teachings of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and prohibit behaviors such as theft, murder, adultery, dishonesty, and jealousy while also emphasizing the need for honor and respect between people. A. are patrifocal. In band societies, what typically determines the amount of respect or status that an individual enjoys? B. In Malinowski's research, Trobriand Islanders relied on three sources of information to guide them in their daily activities: religion, magic and science. - sporting events - commemorative services--> intensify sense of nationhood. D.close exposure to the heat of a fire. B. Rite of intensification definition, a ritual or ceremony performed by a community in a time of crisis that affects all members, as a rain dance during a drought. D. It is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the home. C. are foragers. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. D. They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions. A. A. Through Turners research on the Ndembu of Zambia, anthropologists were better able to understand these common mechanisms of social change. D. shame and ridicule as a method of resistance. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patterned act that involves the manipulation of religious objects is termed a :, A prescriptive ritual is one that is :, A periodic ritual is one that is: and more. A. greater ecological diversity. Lifespan Growth and Development Chapter 9. a. all the answer provided are part of the rite of passage (Correct). A. C. The dowry of a second wife is too expensive. Following the circumcision, they live in isolation while their wounds heal, a liminal phase during which they do not talk to anyone other than boys who are also undergoing the rite of passage. The hajj is one of the five pillars, or primary tenets, of Islam. The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. C. a discrepancy between external and internal genitals.. C. Gender stratification is generally reduced when the domestic and public spheres are not sharply separated. C. The Basseri big man (tonowi) could enforce his decisions, whereas the Qashqai village head could only lead by example. When the war ended and the U.S. military departed, the residents of Tanna experienced a kind of trauma as the material goods they had enjoyed disappeared and the John Frum ritual began. C. flexibility in sexual expression is part of humans primate heritage. A. Large-game hunting B. Nonindustrial food producing, C. Reciprocal D. Foraging E. Redistribution. Social stratification B. Sedentism C. Egalitarianism, Agricultural intensification is not associated with. Use the following matrices. A technological ritual is one that is involved w/: . C. They maintain control by conquering foreign territories. A. human sexuality is completely determined by biology. For believers with the physical ability and financial means, completing the hajj to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is essential to their faith. A term sometimes used to describe rituals that seek to attract material prosperity. Which of the following statements concerning gender stratification is true? Tribe B. Chiefdom C. Segmentary lineage. C. Divorce is harder in a patrilineal society. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one thats only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. D. Chiefdoms have permanent political regulation. Actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis. It is a form of social death. The young woman will then take her last run toward the east, now followed by many young children, so that she might eventually become a loving mother whom her children will always follow. What is the name of the family in which a child is raised? A. Each year on February fifteenth, many of the islands residents construct copies of U.S. airplanes, runways, or towers and march in military formation with replicas of military rifles and American blue jeans. and you must attribute OpenStax. D. It was permitted to take place only in a couples residence. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that's only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. 2023. C. the market principle. A. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Find the percentage. It tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. Young boys on reaching puberty will shave their heads and scar their View the full answer Previous question Next question What term do social scientists use to refer to the socially approved use of power? It is used to refer to rituals, myths, holidays, rules, and the way things are. A. Nonindustrial producers do not partake in the results of their labor. Jun 13, 2022 OpenStax. Mecca is an important symbolic place for Muslims because it was the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. All rites of revitalization originate in difficult or even catastrophic circumstances. It increases the number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need. (credit: Holy Kaba by Camera Eye/flickr, CC BY 2.0), https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/13-4-rituals-of-transition-and-conformity, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. D. redistribution. Which of the following is not a phase of a rite of passage? In general, societies with the patrilineal-patrilocal complex are characterized by all of the following except A. scarce resources. 2. Typically, the ceremony lasts four days and occurs both inside a traditional Navajo house, called a hogan, and in the surrounding area, where the girl will periodically run to ensure that she has a strong and healthy life. 3 stages of rite of passage. C. It is a cultural adaptation to mobility associated with male travel for trade, commerce, and warfare. A = [1 0 . Which of the following is not culturally constructed? These rituals tend to have a rather stable and repetitive structure that allows practitioners to follow along easily. B. warfare makes men dominant over women. E. men never contribute to child care. B. sons become lifetime members of their mothers group, but daughters belong to their fathers group. While illness and health in most Western societies are understood to be biomedical phenomena based on empirical evidence, in non-Western societies and in localized religious traditions across cultures, well-being is viewed as a relationship between body and soul and thus is believed to have a religious component. Kottak argues that the relatively high incidence of expanded family households among poorer North Americans is A. the result of a patrilocal residence pattern. The best known examples of pantribal sodalities existed among societies in. Because the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, it does not coincide annually with the Gregorian calendar followed by most of the Western world today. Which of the following statements about patrilineal-patrilocal societies is true? Liminal The rite of intensification is designed to dramatize and reaffirm the social network of a culture. 10.4: Elements of Religion - Rules and Rituals is shared under a CC BY-NC license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. To save this word, you'll need to log in. B. Individual actions have effects on ones karma. They are wholly dependent on welfare supplied by state-level societies. Which of the following is not one of the adaptive strategies included in Cohens typology? separation. C. The incest taboo does not eliminate incest. C. They must be nomadic to take full advantage of their land. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most present-day foragers? During the final stage of the Kinaald, in the morning of the fourth day, the mother washes her daughters hair and dries it with cornmeal (corn is a Navajo deity). Nuclear families are always exogamous, while descent groups are always endogamous. mana. Which of the following is an example of a matrilineal-matrifocal society? It was believed to sap a mans vitality. B. Polynesia. B. it is immoral for humans to engage in such activities. E. women achieving status in a tribal society. A. Basseri (Iran) B. Australian aborigines C. Mbuti (Congo). A. Both the preparations for the land diving and the festivities that follow are a powerful rite of intensification. Gennep noted that there are three stages in a rite of passageseparation, transition, and incorporationand that during the transition stage, the individual must traverse a threshold (limen in Latin) from their old social position or status to a new one. Family of orientation C. Family of nucleation, What is the most stable social group among band societies with a seasonal pattern of population dispersal? When an individual gives something to someone else but expects nothing in return, this is an example of A. balanced reciprocity. D. The Qashqai authority structure was more complex and hierarchical than that of the Basseri. An offering is: a. an economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural A festive event where the sponsors give away gifts and gain prestige in return, B. a sacred impersonal force existing in the universe, residing in people, plants, animals, and objects. B. patriarchy. At the beginning of the ceremony, as separation begins, the girl lies down and her family straightens her limbs and helps dress her and prepare her for the transition. c. social rites of intensification. Which of the following statements about Etoro conceptions of heterosexual intercourse is not true? Personality B. Socioeconomic class. Sometimes believers walk behind the individual in need, who sits in a chair, and then lay hands on their shoulders and pray, either silently or aloud so that the afflicted individual can hear the prayer being offered. There are many societies in which women control all the strategic resources and engage in the most prestigious activities. D. They use their land intensively and continuously. Societies use both secular and religious rites of passage to mark changes in the life cycle of their members. What is the basis of political organization in states? People may perform witchcraft and sorcery to determine the source of affliction, exorcism to remove the presence of an adverse spirit, or divination to identify the source of harm. B. Marriages become more frequent. A. Redistribution C. Generalized reciprocity, A big mans position depends on all of the following except. The firm is in the 40% tax bracket. A. mater. B. social stratification. Rituals are never exactly duplicated, and not all rituals serve the same purpose. B. swiddening. Anthropologist Victor Turner (1969) discusses in detail the significance of liminality in rites of passage. consent of Rice University. C. Big men typically are war leaders and as such they must maintain a supply of grievance gifts to compensate the families of warriors who die under their command. B. business math. In general, what happens as the value of bridewealth increases?
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